Access to Critical Minerals
PROS & CONS of Securing Critical Mineral Supply Chains and Domestic Production
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In response to rising global temperatures and new technologies such as solar and wind energy, grid-scale storage batteries, electric vehicles and artificial intelligence data centers, some policymakers have pursued alternative energy sources as a substitute for or supplement to fossil fuel energy sources. The increase in demand for new technologies corresponds with an increase in demand for the raw materials and resources required for their construction and maintenance. The growing demand for critical minerals and materials — especially in light of the possibility of adversarial countries in the supply chain  
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Foreword
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Resilient Critical Minerals Supply Chains
U.S. National Policy and the Critical Minerals Lists
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The USGS Earth Mapping Resources Initiative
Identifying the Nation’s Surface and Subsurface Resources
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Critical Minerals for New Energy Technologies
From Sourcing and Extraction to End-Use Demand
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U.S. Supply Chains of Rare Earth Elements
Demand for Civilian and Defense Purposes
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Legislative Efforts to Secure Critical Minerals Access
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Pro & Con
Should Congress Approve Recent Critical Minerals Legislation for Energy Independence and Security?
