Area of Freedom, Security, and Justice
Justice and Home Affairs Policies in the European Union
Cooperation between member states in the area of justice and home affairs (JJA) began in the mid-1970s on an informal intergovernmental basis that was outside the European Community framework. The Treaty on European Union TEU), which entered into force on November 1, 2003, put the JHA area on a more formal footing by incorporating JHA in an established intergovernmental framework, specifically Title VI . On May 1, 1999, the Treaty of Amsterdam came into force and made significant changes in the field of JHA with a focus on the creation of an area of freedom, security, and justice. The Treaty…
