VOS Selections et al., Respondents
The U.S. Congress passed the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) in 1977, giving the president authority to “regulate … importation or exportation of … any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest.” In February and again in April 2025, Donald Trump cited this authority in order to impose tariffs ranging from 10% to 50% on nearly all goods imported into the United States. His primary stated purpose was to address what he said were systemic trade deficits that threatened U.S. economic and national security. A collection of small private businesses that included wine…
