Foreword
A series of immigration flows have accompanied the economic and political changes that have swept through Europe over the last hundred years. Early in the twentieth century, Europe was a land of emigration, mainly in the direction of America. In the period following World War II, those displaced by the war flowed back into the continent. The European decolonization process and then migration following the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe triggered the next waves. Total net migration rose from 1.1 million in the 1960s to almost 10 million in the 1990s and has been climbing since 1998. In 2003,…
