Reply Brief
The following is excerpted from the Reply Brief of the Petitioners as submitted to the U.S. Supreme Court on Nov. 24, 2025. The Decision of 1789 resolved what this court’s cases have since reaffirmed: Article II empowers the president “to remove those who assist him in carrying out his duties.” — Seila Law. Just two terms ago, the court cited “the president’s ‘exclusive power of removal in executive agencies’ as an example of ‘conclusive and preclusive’ constitutional authority.” — Trump. That authority extends to heads of multimember agencies such as the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), who wield immense executive power…
